Engelsk grammatik og prøver

"s" forms

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På engelsk bruger man en særlig form af udsagnsordet (tilføjer "s"), hvis man taler om en enkelt anden person eller ting (som grundled) i en sætning. Fx skal man skelne mellem disse to situationer:

3. persons ental 3. persons flertal

My brother is an engineer.
He has a girlfriend.
He works very hard.
He plays football.
He likes Italian food. My Mum and Dad are retired.
They have more spare time now.
They work a lot in their garden.
They play golf.
They like classical music.

ental

1. I am was have work do

2. you are were have work do

3. he/she/it is was has works does

flertal

1. we are were have work do

2. you are were have work do

3. they are were have work do

”S” bøjninger eksisterer kun for udsagnsord i nutid og anvendes kun, når man har et grundled i 3. persons ental.

Men bemærk:

he/she/it was (datid)
I am og I was (1. person)

Bemærk:		Eksempelvis:
Bliv ikke ført på vildspor af ejestedord i forskellige personer. My father er et 3. persons grundled selv om my er 1. person.		My father is tall.
En sætning som "There is a boy outside" svarer til "A boy is outside". Ordet there er ikke grundleddet, som faktisk kommer efter udsagnsordet her.		There is a box on the table. There are two glasses in the box.
To ting eller mennesker forbundet med and danner et flertalsgrundled.		The cup and saucer are on the table. John and Mary are watching TV.
Ordene who og which viser tilbage til et grundled. Det er typisk 3. person men kan være ental eller flertal.		The man who is over there… The 2 boys who are waiting…
No-one, everyone og everybody betragtes som ental.		No-one plays cricket in Denmark. Everybody likes Aqua.
Udsagnsord i navnemåde bøjes ikke med "s".		John wants to ask a question. She likes to see her family.
Nogle gange kan grundleddet betragtes som enten ental eller flertal. Så er det lige meget hvad man vælger.		The team (flere mennesker) play well. The team (en enhed) plays well.
Ved udsagnsord som ender med s, tch eller sh tilføjes -es.		John catches the ball and passes it. Mary washes her hands after work.